for direct 1.the practitioner can view the retina itself 2. higher magnification, approximately x15 compared to indirect 3.cheaper 4.ideal for more detailed examination of specific region of the fundus.
for indirect 1.can have fields of view extend up to 60 degrees 2.produces stereoscopic view 3.comfortable distance between the practitioner and the patient 4.possible to remove corneal reflex from the field of view
Advantages a) Direct ophtalmoscope - Practitioner can view the retina itself - High magnification make it ideal for the more detailed examination of specific region of the fundus (approximately x15) - Hand held, simple and cheaper
b) Indirect ophtalmoscope - Much more variable, both in size and complexity - Large field of view about 60 degree especially in myope, ideal for the initial examination - Larger area can be seen under low magnification ( x2-x4) - Periphery fundus can be seen clearly , due to less magnification - Gullstrand opthalmoscope completely remove the corneal reflex from field of view - Flare cause by poor media can be reduce - Stereoscopic view
Direct Ophtalmoscope 1. The practitioner views the retinal itself. 2. Hand-held instrument. 3. Optically fairly simple and cheaper. 4. Have a high magnification (x15), so that the practitioner can view a small part of the fundus.
Indirect Ophtalmoscope. 1. Indirect Ophtalmoscope have wider fields of view which extend up to 60 degrees. 2. Much more variable, both in their size and complexity. 3. It is possible to completely remove the corneal reflex from the field of view. 4. The fundus periphery is seen more clearly (perhaps due to small exit pupil and lower magnification reduce the effects of oblique image aberrations). 5. A stereoscopic view can be obtained.
1. higher magnification - ideal for detail examination of specific region 2. consists of sight hole or aperture to reduce cornea reflex 3. practitioner views the retina itself 4. the image view is erected, avoiding confusion
Indirect ophthalmoscope
1. large field of view - ideal for initial examination. 2. flare caused by poor media can be reduced 3. periphery fuundus can be seen clear due to lower magnification (2x-4x) 4. more comfortable than direct ophthalmoscope. 5. stereoscopic view.
direct opthalmoscope: -hand-held instrument -cheaper and simple -higher magnification 15X, so that it is ideal for more detail examination of specific region of the fundus -the practitioner can view the retina itself
indirect opthalmoscope: -much more variable in size and complexity -larger field of view so that it is ideal for initial examination, especially in myope -flare caused by poor media can be reduced -have a stereoscopic view -the periphery fundus can be seen more clearly -possible to completely remove the corneal reflex from the field of view
for direct
ReplyDelete1.the practitioner can view the retina itself
2. higher magnification, approximately x15 compared to indirect
3.cheaper
4.ideal for more detailed examination of specific region of the fundus.
for indirect
1.can have fields of view extend up to 60 degrees
2.produces stereoscopic view
3.comfortable distance between the practitioner and the patient
4.possible to remove corneal reflex from the field of view
Advantages
ReplyDeletea) Direct ophtalmoscope
- Practitioner can view the retina itself
- High magnification make it ideal for the more detailed
examination of specific region of the fundus
(approximately x15)
- Hand held, simple and cheaper
b) Indirect ophtalmoscope
- Much more variable, both in size and complexity
- Large field of view about 60 degree especially in
myope, ideal for the initial examination
- Larger area can be seen under low magnification
( x2-x4)
- Periphery fundus can be seen clearly , due to
less magnification
- Gullstrand opthalmoscope completely remove the
corneal reflex from field of view
- Flare cause by poor media can be reduce
- Stereoscopic view
Direct Ophtalmoscope
ReplyDelete1. The practitioner views the retinal itself.
2. Hand-held instrument.
3. Optically fairly simple and cheaper.
4. Have a high magnification (x15), so that the practitioner can view a small part of the fundus.
Indirect Ophtalmoscope.
1. Indirect Ophtalmoscope have wider fields of view which extend up to 60 degrees.
2. Much more variable, both in their size and complexity.
3. It is possible to completely remove the corneal reflex from the field of view.
4. The fundus periphery is seen more clearly (perhaps due to small exit pupil and lower magnification reduce the effects of oblique image aberrations).
5. A stereoscopic view can be obtained.
Good...Best of luck in your Final Exam
ReplyDeleteDirect ophthalmoscope
ReplyDelete1. higher magnification
- ideal for detail examination of specific region
2. consists of sight hole or aperture to reduce cornea reflex
3. practitioner views the retina itself
4. the image view is erected, avoiding confusion
Indirect ophthalmoscope
1. large field of view
- ideal for initial examination.
2. flare caused by poor media can be reduced
3. periphery fuundus can be seen clear due to lower magnification (2x-4x)
4. more comfortable than direct ophthalmoscope.
5. stereoscopic view.
Advantages of:
ReplyDeletedirect opthalmoscope:
-hand-held instrument
-cheaper and simple
-higher magnification 15X, so that it is ideal for more detail examination of specific region of the fundus
-the practitioner can view the retina itself
indirect opthalmoscope:
-much more variable in size and complexity
-larger field of view so that it is ideal for initial examination, especially in myope
-flare caused by poor media can be reduced
-have a stereoscopic view
-the periphery fundus can be seen more clearly
-possible to completely remove the corneal reflex from the field of view